Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is a Cell?
A cell is defined as the fundamental, structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
2. State the characteristics of cells.
- Cells provide the necessary structural support to an organism.
- The genetic information necessary for reproduction is present within the nucleus.
- Structurally, the cell has cell organelles which are suspended in the cytoplasm.
- Mitochondria is the organelle responsible for fulfilling the cell’s energy requirements.
- Lysosomes digest metabolic wastes and foreign particles in the cell.
- Endoplasmic reticulum synthesises selective molecules and processes them, eventually directing them to their appropriate locations.
3. Highlight the cell structure and its components.
The cell structure comprises several individual components which perform specific functions essential to carry out life processes.
The components of the cell are as follows:
- Cell membrane
- Cell wall
- Cell organelles
- Nucleolus
- Nuclear membrane
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi Bodies
- Ribosome
- Mitochondria
- Lysosomes
- Chloroplast
- Vacuoles
4. State the types of cells.
Cells are primarily classified into two types, namely
- Prokaryotic cells
- Eukaryotic cells
5. Elaborate Cell Theory.
Cell Theory was proposed by Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow, who were German scientists. The cell theory states that:
- All living species on Earth are composed of cells.
- A cell is the basic unit of life.
- All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
6. What is the function of mitochondria in the cells?
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cells. Their primary function is to produce the energy currency of the cells, ATP. It also regulates cellular metabolism.
7. What are the functions of the cell?
The essential functions of the cell include:
- The cell provides support and structure to the body.
- It facilitates growth by mitosis.
- It helps in reproduction.
- Provides energy and allows the transport of substances.
8. What is the function of Golgi bodies?
Golgi bodies pack and sort the proteins for secretion. It creates lysosomes and transports lipids around the cells.
9. Who discovered the cell and how?
Robert Hooke discovered cells in 1665. He observed a piece of cork under a compound microscope and noticed minute structures reminiscent of small rooms. Consequently, he named his discovery “cells.”
10. Name the cell organelle that contains hydrolytic enzymes capable of breaking down organic matter.
Lysosomes
11. Which cellular structure regulates the entry and exit of molecules to and from the cell?
Cell membrane. It is a selectively permeable structure that controls the exit and entry of molecules into the cell.